Odon horvath biography of martin

Hungarian writer Ödön von Horváth (–) captured hassle his novels and plays justness degradation of language and nobleness bitterness of lower-middle-class life ramble preceded the emergence of Despotism. Well known in German-speaking countries, he is regarded as put in order writer who saw fascism maturing and grasped the underlying group trends that produced it.

Afew light Horváth's works deal directly be in keeping with the early fascist era; connect of the novels he wrote at the end of monarch short life were widely translated and read as the clouds of world war gathered.

Her highness 17 plays, however, are strange only occasionally outside of decency German linguistic sphere, for they are uniquely difficult to change. This difficulty stems from prestige most characteristic feature of Horváth's work—his fascination with, and again satirical attitude toward, the lecture patterns of common people. Think about it was a trait Horváth divided with another German-language dramatist appropriate his time, Bertolt Brecht, notwithstanding in other respects the complex of the two are become aware of different.

In Germany today Horváth and Brecht are regarded introduction the two greatest dramatists bring in the era between the planet wars.

Had Multilingual Upbringing

Horváth was dropped on December 9, , pop into the city of Fiume, take upon yourself the Adriatic Sea at nobleness southern extremity of what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire highest is now Rijeka, Croatia.

Horváth's father was an Austro-Hungarian diplomatist, and his mother was sum Czech background. Speaking mostly Teutonic at home, Horváth became forthcoming or near-fluent in a sizeable number of languages: German, Magyar, Serbo-Croatian, Czech, Yiddish, French, extract Latin. His family moved continually from place to place; consummate father was sent to Metropolis, Germany, in , but Horváth went to an Episcopal creed school in Budapest until Powder spent three years in secondary in Munich, often arguing recognize a religiously oriented teacher, take his academic career worsened in the way that he was sent to grammar in Pressburg (now Bratislava, Slovakia) and was almost expelled sustenance writing a satirical essay desert pilloried his professors.

Adding disparage the instability of his continuance was the upheaval of Universe War I; he was quoted as saying in a Dictionary of Literary Biography essay delay "my life begins with birth declaration of war…. The Existence War darkened our youth, contemporary we hardly have any youth memories."

Horváth passed high school exams in Vienna after the conflict.

His parents had bought dialect trig house in the mountain stopgap town of Murnau, and of course enrolled at the University have a high opinion of Munich in Theater classes curious him, but he was dialect trig mostly indifferent student, throwing child into side projects such chimpanzee a pantomime play a disciple composer asked him to record.

Five hundred copies of excellence play, titled Das Buch encoded Tänze (The Book of Dances), were printed, but Horváth posterior bought them all up avoid destroyed them. He also wrote satirical short stories for prestige magazine Simplizissimus.

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In he abandoned out of school without realization and spent time at parents' house in Murnau, spell in Paris. He moved put on Berlin, the freewheeling German money and the center of European intellectual life, in

Horváth finished friends among German creative census such as Carl Zuckmayer, who encouraged his attempts to create.

For several years he spurious for a nonprofit group, loftiness German League for Human Seek. This stint gave him unprepared materials for his creative complex, as did his habit quite a lot of spending time on the foreigner of society—he liked to plonk and write in cafés frequented by circus performers, for instance. Horváth's first major play, Die Bergbahn (The Mountain Railroad), was begun in and premiered nervous tension It was based on real-life labor strife that broke perfect after several workers died longstanding building a cable-car system confined the Bavarian mountains.

His next arena, Zur schönen Aussicht (The Useful View Hotel), featured a parcel of shady characters hiding go away in a cheap hotel.

Evade this point on, Horváth would set his works mostly mid petit-bourgeois or lower-middle-class people whom he treated satirically but crowd unsympathetically. His female characters, exceptionally, were depicted as being laboured to select from among defective choices in a corrupt companionship. Horváth's plays drew on nobility tradition of the Volksstück minor-league folk play—a genre with precise long German-language history featuring scenes of small town life.

Horváth, however, turned the genre interior out in order to extravaganza what he saw as rectitude negative influences of mass good breeding. His plays were often droll, and Krishna Winston, writing wrench the Massachusetts Review, likened them to the s television periodical All in the Family. Greatness malapropisms and bigotry of All in the Family's Archie Bed could have come out rigidity the mouth of a natural feeling in one of Horváth's plays, but, like the writers pounce on All in the Family, Horváth did not condemn his script but rather the society rivet which they lived.

His code spoke in what Horváth denominated Bildungsjargon—an "educated jargon" filled discharge massmedia clichés and, increasingly, admirable nationalism.

Sharpened Satire as Political Besieged Deteriorated

Horváth wrote a novel commanded Der ewige Spiesser (The Everlasting Philistine) in , tracing dignity adventures of a rather extravagant car dealer and a newspaperwoman as they travel around Continent.

He hit his stride trade in a dramatist in the badly timed s, just as Germany, obtaining suffered through defeat in Planet War I and then way waves of crippling inflation stall economic depression, was becoming polarized between leftist and fascist limits. Sometimes Horváth's plays reflected factious realities directly. His play Italienische Nacht (Italian Night) was well-organized farce with dark undertones, portrayal a clash between leftist keep from rightist social clubs in efficient Bavarian village.

A fascist commentator later took note of Horváth's stance of ridicule toward distinction Nazi party and warned walk he was in for well-ordered surprise, but the play was a hit and won Horváth a major theatrical honor, probity Kleist Prize.

More and more frequently, politics lurked under the facet in Horváth's writing.

His terrain Geschichte aus dem Wiener Wald, with its title parodying stroll of a famous Johann Composer waltz, eviscerated the sentimental saga of Old Vienna with tutor unflattering portrayals of the city's modern-day citizens; it, too, was a hit in Berlin, instruction Horváth emerged as one be keen on Germany's best-known playwrights.

His be indicative of Kasimir und Karoline brought climax adult home town of Metropolis in for similar treatment; lay entirely during the city's eminent Oktoberfest, it is centered congregation a dysfunctional couple that breaks up amid the festivities.

Horváth wrote one more play in description Volksstück vein; Glaube Liebe Hoffnung (Faith, Hope, and Charity) was slated to be performed domestic Berlin in late and dealt with a woman who tries to sell her body cause somebody to medical researchers.

But as Adolf Hitler seized power in primacy first months of , Horváth's situation quickly changed. His plays were banned in Germany lecturer he was harassed by Germanic police. The fact that do something was a Hungarian national greedy him some time, and take action emigrated to Salzburg, Austria, lecture then made his way problem Vienna, where some of fulfil plays were produced in mignonne underground theaters.

While there proceed married a German Jewish crooner, Maria Elsner. They divorced reveal , and it is treatment that the marriage had back number undertaken in order to support Elsner gain Hungarian citizenship settle down evade German persecution.

At the technique of the Nazi era, Horváth, along with other German writers, hoped that Hitler's government would not last.

Horváth returned shout approval Germany, wrote some uncontroversial steam scripts, and kept a stow watch on developments. After boys in blue ransacked the Horváth family house in Murnau, however, he weigh up Germany for good, settling distort Vienna. He continued to get off and to try to folio his plays in German-speaking areas of Austria and Czechoslovakia.

Combine of his plays of class mids, Figaro lässt sich scheiden (Figaro Gets a Divorce) concentrate on Don Juan kommt aus dem Krieg, transplanted characters from Mozart's operas into chaotic modern situations. Horváth's plays of the merciless remained mostly unpublished until unwarranted later; cut off from Teutonic audiences, he was marginalized charge the theatrical world.

Wrote Anti-Nazi Novel

Partly as a result, Horváth iniquitous to writing fiction once boost.

In a six-month burst conflict the end of he wrote two novels, Jugend ohne Gott (Youth Without God) and Ein Kind unserer Zeit (A Daughter of Our Time). Jugend ohne Gott appeared in English, Land, Dutch, Spanish, and Chinese. Solve English translation had the name The Age of the Fish, taken from a scrap dead weight dialogue in the novel bank on which a minor character says, "Cold times are coming—the exposй of the fish.

In these times, the human soul prerogative become immovable, like the dispose of a fish." The novel's central figure is a school-teacher who hears Nazi slogans divine out of the mouths invite his students, and becomes involved in a murder committed livid a paramilitary training camp. Individual of the first writings go off dealt with the experiences elaborate ordinary people under fascism, class novel gained a wide readership in the West; its commercialism into Germany was banned, level though Horváth did not relate specifically anywhere in the jotter to the German state.

The connector between fascism and the gruffness of the mass media was a major theme in Jugend ohne Gott, as the instructor observes the way in which radio and newspapers shape distinction thinking of his students.

Prestige same theme echoes through Ein Kind unserer Zeit, the "child" of whose title is practised soldier whose thinking is twisted by repetitive Nazi ideas. Winston referred to the continued exercise of Horváth's writing, noting roam "thanks to television, our word and our thoughts are progressively dominated by advertising catch phrases, news clichés, technical jargon, factious slogans, sports terminology, and upset elements of prefabricated speech."

As Germanic troops overran Austria in Stride of , Horváth was graceful to flee once again.

Noteworthy stayed briefly with a associate in Czechoslovakia and then thought his way to Amsterdam pretense the Netherlands by way in this area Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, allow Belgium. Plans were discussed undertake an American film version counterfeit Jugend ohne Gott, and Horváth spoke of moving to unaligned Switzerland to work on deft new book.

Horváth visited uncut fortune-teller in Amsterdam, and she is said to have spoken him that in Paris, conjure up the end of May, proceed would experience the greatest illustrate of his life. Horváth unattractive leaving his Paris hotel space for several days in rule May, but when he went out on June 1, , he was caught in put in order freak thunderstorm and killed coarse a falling tree branch.

Horváth's deeds were mostly forgotten for several decades after his death.

As a younger generation of writers began to investigate the citizenship of German fascism, however, coronate work was rediscovered and blue blood the gentry mix of anti-fascism and Religionist humanist elements in his late works, which stood in oppose to the socialism of Poet, was appreciated anew.

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Jugend ohne Gott was often assigned give in German students, and even restrict translation, Horváth's work found spanking admirers. Kasimir und Karoline was staged in a new barter in New York in

Books

Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume European Fiction Writers After , Strong wind,

Dictionary of Literary Biography, Publication Twentieth-Century German Dramatists, –, Typhoon,

Four Plays by Ödön von Horváth, introduction by Martin Esslin, PAJ,

Huish, Ian, Horváth: Cool Study, Heinemann,

International Dictionary funding Theatre, Volume 2: Playwrights, Carry.

James,

Periodicals

Massachusetts Review, Spring

Online

"Ödön von Horváth," Schlossmuseum Murnau, (February 21, ).