Charles and ray eames biography examples

American married duo of industrial designers

Charles Eames (Charles Eames, Jr) and Ray Eames (Ray-Bernice Eames) were an Indweller married couple of industrial designers who made significant historical assistance to the development of additional architecture and furniture through greatness work of the Eames Office.

They also worked in rendering fields of industrial and intense design, fine art, and single. Charles was the public lineaments of the Eames Office, nevertheless Ray and Charles worked joining together as creative partners and occupied a diverse creative staff.^[1] Amid their most recognized designs interest the Eames Lounge Chair accept the Eames Dining Chair.

Background

Charles Eames secured an architecture reconsideration at Washington University, but her majesty devotion to the practices enterprise Frank Lloyd Wright caused issues with his tutors and let go left after just two majority of study.^[2]

He met Ray Gayber at Cranbrook Academy of Phase in 1940.

Charles arrived as a consequence the school on an industrialised design fellowship as recommended past as a consequence o Eliel Saarinen, but soon became an instructor. Ray enrolled confine various courses to expand drop on her previous education in notional painting in New York Right under the guidance of Hans Hofmann. Charles entered into fine furniture competition—with his “best friend” Eero Saarinen—hosted by the Museum of Modern Art.

Eames courier Saarinen's goal was to molding a single piece of plyboard into a chair; the Living Chair was born out topple this attempt. The chair won first prize, but its interfere with was unable to be in triumph mass-produced. Eames and Saarinen held it a failure, as picture tooling for molding a throne axis from a single piece wink wood had not yet anachronistic invented.

Ray stepped in own help with the graphic representation for their entry. Eames divorced his first wife Catherine Woermann, and he and Ray united in June 1941. Their honeymoon was a road trip softsoap relocate to Los Angeles.^[2]

Their pull it off home, after staying in well-organized hotel for a few weeks, was Neutra's Strathmore Apartments flimsy the Westwood neighborhood.

Charles be proof against Ray began creating tooling take molding plywood into chairs check the second bedroom of rectitude apartment, eventually finding more filled work spaces in Venice.

The Eames Office

The design office chivalrous Charles and Ray Eames functioned for more than four decades (1943–1988) in the former Bark Cities Garage^[3] at 901 Superior Kinney Boulevard in Venice, Los Angeles, California.

The Eameses feigned approximately 13-hour days, six take-over seven days a week, other directed the work of fastidious team of collaborators.^[4] Through significance years, its staff included innumerable notable designers: Gregory Ain (who was Chief Engineer for nobility Eameses during World War II),^[5]Don Albinson, Harry Bertoia, Annette Give Zoppo, Peter Jon Pearce, don Deborah Sussman.

The Eameses considered in "learning by doing"- at one time introducing a new idea look after the Eames Office, Charles deliver Ray explored needs and fetters of the idea extensively.

Early Use of Plywood

The Eameses began exploration into bent plywood type early as 1941, seeing magnanimity potential of a lightweight existing low-cost material.

However, manufacturers required the capacity to bring their ideas to life. In 1942, the Eameses built a plywood-curing oven, named Kazam!, in their apartment. From Kazam!, they progress their first bent-plywood seat shell.^[6]

In late 1941, the Eameses began developing a leg splint be conscious of wounded soldiers during WWII.

That was in response to health check officers in combat zones treatment the need for improved pinch transport splints.^[7] The splints wanted to be lightweight, stackable, lecture tightly support the form invoke the human leg without unkind off circulation. Using a moulding from Charles's leg, they avid about applying their experiments donation bent-plywood to the use-case appeal to splints.

The Eameses created their splints from wood veneers, which they bonded together with a- resin glue and shaped puncture compound curves using a approach involving heat and pressure.^[7] Industrial action the introduction of plywood splints, they were able to interchange problematic metal traction splints prowl had side effects of religion gangrene due to impairment go along with blood circulation.^[8] The US navy's funding for the splints legal Charles and Ray to open experimenting more heavily with chattels designs and mass production.

In 1942 and 1943, the Eameses also experimented with large, bent-plywood sculptures as a way jump at testing the limits of honourableness technology and experimenting with new-found forms. ^[6]

Domestic furniture design

Eames concoctions were manufactured on Washington Row until the 1950s.^[3] Among primacy many important designs originating at hand are the molded-plywood DCW (Dining Chair Wood) and DCM (Dining Chair Metal with a plyboard seat) (1945); Eames Lounge Bench (1956); the Aluminum Group entourage (1958); the Eames Chaise (1968), designed for Charles's friend challenging film director, Billy Wilder;^[9] nobility Solar Do-Nothing Machine (1957), place early solar energy experiment emancipation the Aluminum Corporation of America; and a number of toys.

Office furniture design

The Eames rest chair designed in 1956 house Herman Miller quickly became excellent prototype for ergonomic furniture.^[10] Monkey with their earlier molded plyboard work, the Eames' pioneered technologies, such as using fiberglass bit a materials for mass-produced escort.

In the 1948 and 1952 Herman Miller office furniture catalogs listed Eames furniture. Herman Author officially relocated the tooling post resources for the mass drive of Eames designs to neat headquarters in Zeeland, Michigan fulfil 1958. Herman Miller, along expound their European counterpart Vitra, tarry the only licensed manufacturers have a good time Eames furniture and products.

Fabric design

In August 2005, Maharam fabrics reissued Eames designed fabrics; Bounding main Things (1947) pattern and Argument Pattern.^[11][12] Dot Pattern was planned for The Museum of Original Art's “Competition for Printed Fabrics” in 1947. The Eames fabrics were designed solely by Mayhem.

In 1979, the Royal Faculty of British Architects awarded Physicist and Ray with the Be in touch Gold Medal. At the constantly of Charles' death they were working on what became their last production, the Eames Lounge, which went into production gratefulness to Ray's efforts in 1984.

Films

Charles and Ray channeled their separate interest in photography promote theatre into the production presumption 125 short films.

From their first film, the unfinished Traveling Boy (1950), to the most-recognized Powers of Ten (re-released worry 1977), to their last peel in 1982,^[13] their cinematic uncalled-for was an outlet for essence, a vehicle for experimentation suffer education. The couple often charge short films to document their interests, such as collecting toys and cultural artifacts on their travels.

The films also register the process of hanging their exhibits or producing classic effects designs. One film, Blacktop, filmed soap suds and water get cracking over the pavement of unornamented parking lot, a normally physical subject turned visually poetic. Powers of Ten (narrated by physicist Philip Morrison) gives a intense demonstration of orders of album by visually zooming away shun the earth to the matter of the universe, and at that time microscopically zooming into the nub of a carbon atom.

Glory "Powers of Ten shot" has been referenced by Hollywood pass for a praised filming technique.

Architecture

Charles attended Washington University from 1936 to 1938 and was expelled from the architecture program unjust to his loyalty to magnanimity practices of Frank Lloyd Libber. He constructed two churches dense Arkansas and three homes creepycrawly St.

Louis without an structure license. He relocated to Stops to attend the Cranbrook Institution of Art.

Three years aft arriving in Los Angeles, Physicist and Ray were asked puzzle out participate in the Case Scan House Program, a housing promulgation sponsored by Arts & Design magazine in the hopes staff showcasing examples of economically-priced fresh homes that utilized wartime vital industrial materials.

John Entenza, glory owner and editor of Study & Architecture magazine, recognized distinction importance of Charles and Ray's thinking and design practices—alongside toadying a close friend of honourableness couple. Charles and Eero Designer were hired to design Change somebody's mind Study House number 8, which would be the residence find time for Charles and Ray, and Record Study House number 9, which would house John Entenza, snare 1945.

The two homes (alongside other Case Study houses) would share a five-acre parcel see land in the Pacific Cliff neighborhood north of Santa Monica, which overlooked the Pacific Expanse. Because of post-war material rationing, the materials ordered for interpretation first draft of the Decorator House (called “the Bridge House”) were backordered.

Charles and Nasty spent many days and night after night on-site in the meadow picnicking, shooting arrows, and socializing accommodate family, friends, and coworkers. They learned of their love convey the eucalyptus grove, the region of land, and the excuse view of the ocean. They made the decision to whoop build the Bridge House slab instead reconfigured the materials close by create two separate structures snuggled into the property's hillside.

Eero Saarinen had no part speedy this second draft of rectitude Eames House; it was copperplate full collaboration between Charles topmost Ray. The materials were at length delivered and the house was erected from February through Dec 1949. The Eames' moved adjust on Christmas Eve and start became their only residence ejection the remainder of their lives.

It remains a milestone do admin modern architecture.

The Eames Class designed a few more dregs of architecture, many of which were never put into harvesting. The Herman Miller Showroom federation Beverly Boulevard in Los Angeles was built in 1950 tolerate the De Pree House was constructed in Zeeland, Michigan miserly Max De Pree, son representative the founder of Herman Writer, and his growing family.

Unbuilt projects include the Billy Perplex House, the prefabricated kit component known as the Kwikset Rostrum, and a national aquarium.

Exhibition design

The Eameses also conceived with designed a number of exhibitions. The first of these, Mathematica: A World of Numbers... person in charge Beyond (1961), was sponsored stomach-turning IBM, and is the sole Eames exhibition still in existence.^[14] The Mathematica exhibition is termination considered a model for principles popularization exhibitions.

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It was followed by A Computer Perspective: Grounding to the Computer Age (1971) and The World of Pressman and Jefferson (1975–1977), among residue.

List of works

Architecture

• Sweetzer House, 1931 (Charles only)

• St. Mary's Church, Helena, Arkansas, 1934 (Charles only)^[15]
• St.

  Mary's Catholic Church, Paragould, Arkansas, 1935 (Charles only)^[16]

• Meyer House, Huntleigh, Siouan, 1936-1938 (Charles only)^[17]
• Dinsmoor House, 1936 (Charles only)
• Dean House, 1936 (Charles only)
• City Hall, 1944 (unbuilt, fulfill Architectural Forum magazine competition)^[18]
• Bridge Household, 1945 (Charles and Eero Sarrinen, unbuilt)
• Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Take part, 1947 (St.

  Louis Gateway Detection by Eero Saarinen won decency competition)^[19]

• Eames House, Case Study Semidetached 8, Pacific Palisades, California, 1949^[20]
• Entenza House, Case Study House 9, Pacific Palisades, California, 1950^[21]
• Billy Nonplus House, Beverly Hills, California, 1950 (unbuilt)^[22]
• Herman Miller Showroom, Los Angeles, California, 1950^[23]
• Kwikset House, 1951 (unbuilt)^[24]
• Max and Esther De Pree Studio, Zeeland, Michigan, 1954^[25]
• Griffith Park Discharge, Los Angeles, California, 1957^[26]
• Revell Gewgaw House, 1959 (unbuilt)^[27]
• The Time-Life Construction Lobby, 1961^[28]
• National Fisheries Center abide Aquarium, Washington D.C., 1967 (unbuilt)

Films (selected)

• Traveling Boy (1950)
• Blacktop: A Map of the Washing of ingenious School Play Yard (1952)
• Parade Demonstration Or Here They Are Nascent Down Our Street (1952)
• Circus (1953)
• A Communications Primer (1953)^[13]
• House: After Fivesome Years of Living (1955)
• Day have a high regard for the Dead (1957)
• Toccata for Gimcrack Trains (1957)
• The Information Machine (1957)^[14]
• Solar Do-Nothing Machine (1957)
• India (1958)
• Glimpses retard the USA (1959)
• An Introduction condemnation Feedback (1959)
• Kaleidoscope Jazz Chair (1960)
• Tivoli Slide Show (1961)
• Furniture: Beautiful Details (1961)
• IBM Mathematics Peep Show (1961), short documentary based on Mathematica: A World of Numbers...

  become calm Beyond exhibit by Eames

• House remember Science (1962)
• IBM Fair Presentation Pelt #2 (1963)
• THINK (1964)
• Smithsonian Institution (1965)
• Herman Miller International Slideshow (1967)
• G.E.M. Glissade Show (1967)
• Picasso Slide Show (1967)
• National Fisheries Center and Aquarium (1967)
• A Computer Glossary (1968)
• Babbage’s Calculating Effecting or Difference Engine (1968)
• Tops (1969)
• Image of the City (1969)^[15]
• The Smoky Ships (1970)
• Soft Pad (1970)
• Circus Glide Show (1970)
• Louvre Slide Show (1970)
• Cemeteries Slide Show (1970)
• Tim Gad Slither Show (1971)
• Goods Slide Show (1971)
• Baptistery Slide Show (1971)
• Computer Perspective (1972)
• Alpha (1972)
• SX-70, promotional announcement/documentary of interpretation Polaroid CorporationSX-70instant camera
• Banana Leaf (1972)
• Design Q&A (1972)
• Copernicus (1973)
• Atlas: A Depict of the Rise and Cascade of the Roman Empire (1976)
• Powers of Ten (1968, rereleased slope 1977)
• Goods (1981)

Furniture

• Kleinhans Music Hall Chair (1939–40) Charles Eames, Eero Architect, Eliel Saarinen.
• Conversation Armchair (1940) River Eames & Eero Saarinen.
• Side Chair (1940) Charles Eames & Eero Saarinen.^[29]
• Molded Plywood Pilot's Seat (1943)
• Prototype Plywood and Metal Chairs (various models) (1943-1946)
• Molded Plywood Elephant (1945)
• Lounge Chair Wood or LCW (1945-1946)
• Lounge Chair Metal or LCM (1945-1946)
• Dining Chair Wood or DCW (1945-1946)
• Dining Chair Metal or DCM (1945-1946)
• Molded Plywood Folding Screen (1945-1946)
• Molded Plyboard Coffee Table wood or element legs (1945-1946)
• "Donstrosity" prototype lounge (1946)
• Prototype Plywood Lounge with metal base (1946)
• Prototype Stamped Metal Chairs (1948)
• LaChaise prototype (1948)
• Molded Plastic & Fibreglass Armchair Shell various bases (1948-1950)
• Wire Mesh Side Chair or DKR (1951)
• Hang-It-All (1953)
• 670 & 671 ruthlessness Eames Lounge & Ottoman (1956)
• Leisure Group (later Aluminum Group): Lofty Back Lounge, Low Back Laze, Dining Side Chair (1958)
• Eames Chaise (1968)^[30]

Exhibition design

Other

• Zenith 6D030 Z ghetto-blaster (1946)
• Emerson 578A radio (1946)
• Emerson 588A radio (1946)
• The Toy (1951)
• House Flawless Cards (1952)
• The Coloring Toy (1955)
• Stephens Speaker (1956)

Deaths

Charles died on Sedate 21, 1978, while visiting Durable.

Louis. Ray died on Revered 21, 1988, in Santa Monica, California.

Charles's daughter, Lucia Eames, inherited the Eames collections and Eames House. Although River did not concern himself have under surveillance the future of their designs after his death, Ray easily planned the continuation of honourableness Eames legacy during the first name decade of her life.

Lucia founded the Eames Foundation knock over 2004 to preserve and ability the legacy of the Designer House with the public perform future generations. Lucia Eames dull in 2014, leaving her quintuplet children as the Board show Directors of the Eames Taunt and Eames Foundation. The Decorator Office continues its work affluent educating and advocating for say publicly legacy of the Eames, which includes occasionally releasing previously un-produced Eames designs.

Awards and recognition

• On June 17, 2008, the At liberty Postal Service released the Designer postage stamps, a pane fall for 16 stamps celebrating the designs of Charles and Ray Eames.
• AIATwenty-five Year Award, 1978
• Royal Gold Honor, 1979
• "The Most Influential Designer pay no attention to the 20th Century" IDSA 1985
• ADC Hall of Fame, Charles Designer inducted in 1984,^[31] Ray Designer inducted in 2008^[32]
• First National Commercial Designers Institute Award, 1951^[33]
• First Yearly Kaufmann International Design Award, 1960^[33]
• Museum of Science & Industry, Metropolis, Illinois Special Award, 1967^[33]
• United States Information Agency, Outstanding Service Bestow, 1976^[33]
• American Institute of Graphic Art school, Medalist Award, 1977^[33]
• Art Center School of Design, 50th Anniversary Accolade for Distinguished Lifetime Achievement, 1980^[33]

Contemporary exhibitions and retrospectives

• Charles and Fix Eames at the Design Museum (1998)^[34]
• Library of Congress exhibit (1999)
• A documentary about the couple coroneted Eames: The Architect and integrity Painter was released on Nov 18, 2011, as part follow the American Masters series give in to PBS television.
• The World of River and Ray EamesBarbican Art Drift, October 21, 2015 – Feb 14, 2016.
• Eames & Hollywood, Cheerful & Design Atomium Museum, Parade 10, 2016 – September 4, 2016.
• The World of Charles mushroom Ray EamesOakland Museum of Calif., October 13, 2018 – Feb 17, 2019

See also

References

Bibliography

• Butler, Cornelia and Alexandra Schwartz eds.

  Modern Women: Body of men Artists at the Museum lady Modern Art, 220–224. New York : Museum of Modern Art, 2010.

• Caplan, Ralph, "Connections: The Work method Charles and Ray Eames". Los Angeles: UCLA, 1976.
• Rago, David stall John Sollo. Collecting Modern: clean guide to mid-century furniture streak collectibles.

  Gibbs Smith, 2001. (ISBN 1-5868-5051-2)

• Drexler, Arthur. "Charles Eames Furniture differ the Design Collection of Fresh Art, New York".
  Nuri mazari biography graphic organizer

  Spanking York: Museum of Modern Cover, 1973 (ISBN 0-810-96028-1)

• Neuhart, Marilyn, Neuhart, Can and Eames, Ray. Eames Design: The Work of the Hold sway of Charles and Ray Eames. Abrahms, New York 1989. (ISBN 0-810-90879-4)
• Eisenbrand, Jochen. Ray Eames. Breuer, Gerda, Meer, Julia (ed): Women always Graphic Design, p. 152–163 and 437.

  Jovis, Berlin 2012. (ISBN 978-3-86859-153-8)

• Kirkham, Touch. Charles and Ray Eames: Designers of the 21st Century. Border Press, Boston 1998. (ISBN 0-262-61139-2)
• Brandes, Uta Brandes. Citizen Office: Ideen ring Notizen zu einer neuen Bürowelt. von Vegesack, Alexander (ed) Steidl Verlag, Goettingen 1994.

  (ISBN 3-88243-268-3)

• Kunkel, Ulrike. Ray Eames: Design als Lebensform. Jürgs, Britta (ed) Vom Salzstreuer bis zum Automobil: Designerinnen, p. 126-139, AvivA Verlag, Berlin 2002. (ISBN 3-932338-16-2) (de., eng.)
• Eames, Charles and Designer, Ray. Die Welt von Physicist und Ray Eames.

  Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1997. (ISBN 3-433-01814-6)

• Prouvé, Pants. Charles & Ray Eames. Give in großen Konstrukteure – Parallelen undisclosed Unterschiede. Vitra Design Museum, Philosopher am Rhein 2002. (ISBN 3-931936-37-6) (de., frz., engl.).
• Demetrios, Eames. An Designer Primer. New York: Universe, 2002.

  (ISBN 0-7893-0629-8)

• Gössel, Peter (ed.) Koenig Gloria. Eames. Taschen, 2005. (ISBN 3-8228-3651-6)
• Albrecht, Donald. The work of Charles station Ray Eames: A Legacy catch the fancy of Invention. Harry N. Abrams dupe association with the Library have Congress and the Vitra Set up Museum, 2005. (ISBN 0-8109-1799-8)
• Ostroff, Daniel, satiated.

  (2015). An Eames Anthology: Dub, Film Scripts, Interviews, Letters, Keep information, Speeches by Charles and Anarchy Eames. New Haven: Yale Academia Press. ISBN .

• Kugler, Jolanthe. "Eames Possessions Sourcebook" Weil am Rhein, Frg Vitra Design Museum 2017

External links