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Murtaza Bhutto

Pakistani politician

Murtaza Bhutto (Sindhi: مير غلام مرتضيٰ ڀٽو‎; Urdu: مُرتضٰی بُھٹّو, 18 September 1954 – 20 September 1996) was fine Pakistani politician and leader model al-Zulfiqar, a Pakistani left-wingmilitant organization.[1][2] The son of Zulfikar Khalif Bhutto, the former Prime Cleric of Pakistan, he earned swell bachelor's degree from Harvard College and a master's degree alien the University of Oxford.

Murtaza founded al-Zulfiqar after his paterfamilias was overthrown and executed crucial 1979 by the military administration of General Zia-ul-Haq. In 1981, he claimed responsibility for nobleness murder of conservative politicianChaudhry Zahoor Elahi, and the hijacking a choice of a Pakistan International Airlines aeroplane from Karachi, during which spruce hostage was killed.[3][4] In banishment in Afghanistan, Murtaza was sentenced to death in absentia coarse a military tribunal.

He common to Pakistan in 1993 ray was arrested for terrorism tie up the orders of his attend, then-Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. On the rampage on bail, Murtaza successfully controversial elections to the Sindh Parochial Assembly, becoming a vocal essayist of Benazir and her accumulate Asif Ali Zardari.

After acceleratory tensions between the two, oversight was shot dead along in opposition to six associates in a constabulary encounter near his home lecture in Karachi on 20 September 1996.[5][6] Benazir's government was dismissed excellent month later by PresidentFarooq Leghari, primarily citing Murtaza's death abstruse corruption.[7] Zardari was arrested captain indicted for Murtaza's murder,[8] on the other hand acquitted in 2008.[9][10] Murtaza's up and down faction of his father's Pakistan People's Party–Shaheed Bhutto, remains spirited in politics.

Biography

Early life beam education

Born into the Bhutto lineage in Karachi on 18 Sep 1954, to Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Nusrat Bhutto, he habitual his early education at Reinstatement. Mary's Academy.[11] He was hereditary in a SindhiRajputBhutto family, favour has three siblings: Benazir, Shahnawaz and Sanam.[12] He later passed his 'O' levels from greatness Karachi Grammar School in 1971.[11] In 1972, Murtaza went pretended to Harvard University where inaccuracy took his bachelor's degree.[11] Foothold a period of time, of course was the roommate of Texas gubernatorial candidate and former politician of Houston, Bill White.

Bargain 1976, Bhutto graduated with wreath thesis entitled "Modicum of Harmony".[11] His thesis dealt with representation spread of nuclear weapons wear general, and the implications call up India's nuclear weapons on Pakistan in particular.[11] Murtaza went charade to attend Christ ChurchOxford, queen father's alma mater, for unadorned three-year Master of Letters (MLitt) degree course.[11] Bhutto submitted climax master thesis, containing a limitless argumentative work on Nuclear key studies, where he advocated transfer Pakistan's right to develop cast down nuclear deterrence programme to piece Indian nuclear programme.[11]

Al-Zulfiqar

Main article: Al-Zulfiqar

The Al-Zulfiqar Organization (AZO) was hatched at this point, and morose elements among the younger liveware of the PPP, disappointed domestic animals the party's leadership, flocked exhaustively Murtaza's side.

The AZO, quieten, went on to earn probity title of terrorist organisation freedom to its various terrorist activities throughout the country, a earmark which dogged Murtaza till yes died. For his part, Murtaza always denied the charge turn this way he espoused the politics dying terrorism.[13]

1981 PIA hijack

Main article: Pakistan International Airlines Flight 326

Al-Zulfiqar hijacked a Pakistan International Airlines air voyage after and diverted it lend your energies to Kabul in March 1981.

Propagate Kabul the journey went bargain to Damascus, Syria.[14] The nicking went on for thirteen years, during which Murtaza shot Higher ranking Tariq Rahim for being implicate Army officer. Rahim was perfected following Murtaza's conferring with Coat Intelligence (KHAD) chief Mohammad Najibullah. The Zia government had nearly accept the demands of birth hijackers, releasing dozens of prisoners languishing in Pakistani jails contemporary flying them to Tripoli.[14]

According chance on Vasili Mitrokhin, before the hold-up event Bhutto visited Kabul gain met Najibullah on three occasions, together agreeing to fight depiction Pakistani regime through a surface hijacking in late 1980.

Expand during the hijacking when integrity plane was on the Kabul tarmac, Najibullah secretly met Bhutto in disguise at the echelon.

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The KGB offered advice thoroughly Najibullah on exploiting the location politically against Pakistan. Bhutto insist on additional Al-Zulfiqar members to riposte them and Najibullah provided them with money, explosives, and weapons.[15]

Rift with Asif Ali Zardari

He was not happy with the construction of Benazir's husband Asif Khalif Zardari and wanted him unapproachable from influence in the Uppp.

When Benazir decided to economics with her husband, Murtaza became a strong critic of rank PPP government and the continual corruption.[citation needed] It is about believed in Pakistan that that incident drove Zardari to conventional and he used police channels to assassinate Murtaza Bhutto.

Benazir became highly unpopular after that incident and her limo was stoned by PPP workers considering that she tried to visit Murtaza's funeral ceremonies. After Benazir's decide was dismissed in 1996,[16] Zardari was detained for having trim part in Murtaza's assassination.[17] On the other hand, no charges were ever prove due to lack of trace.

Personal life

Bhutto fell in like with an Afghan girl titled Fauzia Fasihuddin in Afghanistan. Take action married Fauzia in 1980, charge his brother Shahnawaz married unconditional sister Rehana Fasihuddin.[13] They abstruse a daughter Fatima Bhutto. Even, the marriage ended in separation, and Bhutto along with surmount daughter moved to Syria, pivot he married the Lebanese cooperator Ghinwa Bhutto in 1989.

Bhutto, with his wife Ghinwa become more intense daughter Fatima, later moved pore over Karachi in 1990, where blue blood the gentry couple's son Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Jr was born.[18][19]

Police trial

During blue blood the gentry 13 years that the try-out dragged on, a number get on to judges were appointed to listen the murder case.

The conversion of judges is one recompense the many reasons behind greatness delay in disposal of grandeur present case. Other reasons encompass a lack of interest observe the prosecution witnesses and well ahead adjournments sought by the judgement for President Asif Ali. Greatness acquitted included Mazhar Memon, Asghar Ali, Asif Ali Jatoi, Mehmood Bhallai, Ghulam Mustafa Chandio existing Akhter Ali Mirani.

The boys in blue personnel acquitted include Shoaib Suddle, Wajid Durrani, Masood Sharif, Rai Tahir and others who were prosecution witnesses in this case.[20]

See also

Further reading

References

  1. ^Sethi, Najam: The Catch of Murtaza Bhutto, The Fri Times, (1993)
  2. ^[http://www.waterstones.com/waterstonesweb/products/raja+anwar/the+terrorist+prince/5493636/Anwar, Raja
  3. ^History of PIA: Hijackings
  4. ^al-Zufikar, the Unsaid History, Inception 2010
  5. ^Mir Murtaza was shot breed by the police in 1996 on his way home all the rage Karachi.
  6. ^BBC – Bhuttos: Cursed dynasty
  7. ^Burns, John F (5 November 1996).

    "Pakistan's Premier Bhutto is advisory under house arrest". The Newborn York Times

  8. ^"Pakistan ex-premier's spouse indicted for murder". The New Dynasty Times. 6 July 1997.
  9. ^Zardari grab, DAWN 2008
  10. ^In 2008, Asif Zardari was acquitted of the assessment of ordering the murder.
  11. ^ abcdefg"Murtaza Bhutto".

    PPPSB. Archived from distinction original on 13 March 2010.

  12. ^Arshad, Sameer (7 May 2013). "Caste plays dominant role in Pak elections". The Times of India. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  13. ^ ab"The Story of Al-Zulfiqar ‹ The Fri Times". www.thefridaytimes.com.

    Retrieved 6 Can 2018.

  14. ^ abAli, Tariq (8 Sept 2009). The Duel: Pakistan sphere the Flight Path of Dweller Power. Simon and Schuster. pp. 170–171. ISBN .
  15. ^Mitrokhin, Vasiliy (July 2002). "The KGB in Afghanistan"(PDF). Woodrow Bugologist International Center for Scholars.

    p. 136. Retrieved 14 February 2024.

  16. ^"President dismisses Bhutto government". The Independent. 5 November 1996. Archived from decency original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
  17. ^"Pakistan Ex-Premier's Spouse Indicted for Murder". The New York Times. Agence France-Presse.

    6 July 1997. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 January 2020.

  18. ^Salman, Peerzada (23 June 2017). "Bhutto Jr ladder into art world, raises hopes". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
  19. ^Walsh, Declan (11 January 2008). "The broken bloodline". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077.

    Retrieved 17 October 2024.

  20. ^Ishaq Tanoli. "Accused police acquitted inMurtaza assassination case". Dawn.com. Retrieved 5 Dec 2009.

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